Analyzing the characteristics, attributes and motivations of your group investors
During the 2023-2024 years of transition from a seller’s market into a full-fledged buyer’s market, brokers who influence potential investors considering long-term income and wealth from real estate ownership need to consider forming groups of cash-heavy individuals to acquire income property at prices only available at a proper capitalization (cap) rate during a buyer’s market.
The buyer’s market is shaping up quickly, and will on its full arrival, run for around 24 to 30 months, around 2025-2027. It will dissipate with the arrival of the seller’s market of constantly diminishing cap rates ending in a boom-time event.
To that end, a broker pivoting into our new 2023 to, say, 2030 economy cycle, who takes on fee-based activities as a proactive syndicator, collects information regarding the attributes of each potential investor they intend to solicit to join in their purchase and joint ownership of a specific parcel of income-producing real estate. [See RPI e-book Forming Real Estate Syndicates, Chapter 7]
Likewise, investors
A broker exercising the opportunity option of syndication as prices bottom, begins with an analysis of character types for selection and solicitation of qualified investors. Investor profiling allows a broker to enhance their chances for long-term success in their investment programs.
An investor who might interfere with the broker’s management of either the property acquired or the group of investors assembled is to be avoided. The broker has the expertise, not the investors who, when they have the expertise, invest on their own, not with a group.
Personal information on potential investors is typically compiled by the broker over time. It is retained on an investor profile form prepared on each potential investor. The completed forms are placed on file in a database of prospective investors accessible for future reference and review. [See RPI Form 350]
Before soliciting investors for a particular property acquisition, the broker needs to set a limit on the number of members they would like to participate in the program. Though the exact number of participants is up to the broker, three to six cash investors is generally the preferred range to best assure control.
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The selection of investors
When soliciting investors, the broker considers each individual’s financial capacity and long-term propensity to stay with an investment in real estate. When a prospective investor has cash but is not creditworthy, the investor is likely unreliable as a long-term participant due to potential future demands on their invested capital needed to satisfy creditors.
Also, when additional contributions are later needed to carry the limited liability company (LLC) through a foreseeable cyclical negative-cash-flow period, the financially unstable investor is more likely to be unable or unwilling to further contribute to sound long-term investment.
When selecting prospective investors, brokers are advised to be skeptical of any investor who appears to be disinclined to compensate the broker for their promotional and administrative activities. This indicates the potential investor likely mistrusts the broker and views the investment as suspect — an initially negative first impression that is difficult to overcome.
As a contributing member in an LLC, the suspicious investor is more likely to later blame the broker for an adverse cyclical period in local market conditions and be unwilling to remain in the investment or contribute additional capital as necessary on a call from the broker.
The broker selects investors who are:
- objective and rational in their approach to problem solving and not prone to act on their emotions, thus, gold bugs are out;
- goal-oriented when analyzing the broker’s expectations for long-term ownership and operation of the property, thus they will look forward into the likely economic future for the property;
- willing to commit their capital and share earnings (or losses) of ownership as a group, an acknowledged joint effort to develop wealth collectively from the start;
- willing to leave the day-to-day management of the program to the broker, as authorized by the operating agreement and the property management agreement [See RPI Form 372 and 590]; and
- willing to provide the broker with a fair and competitive amount of compensation in ownership for selection and contracting to purchase the property to be acquired, and cash fees for their organization of the investors and ongoing property and group management efforts.
A group of investors from comparable backgrounds is more likely to produce a smooth-running investment program despite cyclical shifts in the economy. Socioeconomic similarity between investors safeguards against inconsistent investment attributes, behavior and expectations. This is the affinity aspect of kinship which holds a group together to achieve investment goals.
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Investor characteristics to avoid
Some prospective investors possess characteristics that are not accommodating or desirable in an LLC syndication real estate investment program.
The broker accordingly avoids prospective investors who demonstrate:
- an improper emotional makeup to remain in a long-term investment, based on an evaluation of an individual’s anger, disgust or surprise, and whether they are tense, nervous, stressed or upset;
- a suspicious or nit-picking (micro-managing) attitude that conflicts with the profit-sharing, joint-venture culture of a group investment program, manifested by asking detailed questions about the broker’s day-to-day operations of the property that appear designed to “catch” you in inconsistent explanations rather than honestly trying to better understand the long-term risks of loss the real estate or the economy may present for the investment; or
- an excessive concern for the modus operandi of the broker, not the economics of the investment opportunity presented, making inquiries with what seems like an intention to learn enough from the broker about the process of their property selection, analysis and acquisition, and the organizational requirements for forming an investment group to enter the real estate investment field themselves — entirely independent of the broker.
The client profile contents
A broker uses the Client Profile — Confidential Personal Data Sheet published by Realty Publications, Inc. (RPI) when collecting information about a prospective real estate investor’s personal traits, family obligations, longevity in the community, civic involvement, personal accomplishments and composition of accumulated wealth. The form helps the broker determine the individual’s investment needs and how best to achieve them. [See RPI Form 350]
The Client Profile — Confidential Personal Data Sheet documents the investor’s:
- personal information [See RPI Form 350 §1];
- financial information [See RPI Form 350 §2];
- investment background [See RPI Form 350 §3];
- investment needs [See RPI Form 350 §4];
- advisors [See RPI Form 350 §5];
- educational background [See RPI Form 350 §6];
- special interests [See RPI Form 350 §7];
- personality traits [See RPI Form 350 §8]; and
- relationship with broker. [See RPI Form 350 §9]
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Documenting the LLC investment program
The forming and funding of an LLC requires four documents:
- two to form the LLC itself; and
- two to solicit investors to fund the LLC.
The two documents needed to form an LLC include:
- the Articles of Organization (LLC-1) form, issued by the California Secretary of State (SOS) for use by the broker acting alone to establish and operate an LLC in California; and
- the operating agreement, similar to most co-ownership agreements in its management, income- and profit-sharing, voting and buyout provisions. [See RPI Form 372]
The two funding documents include:
- the investment circular (IC), a narrative disclosing all the material aspects of the investment to prospective co-owner members, prepared as the product of the broker’s due diligence investigation and analysis of property data [See RPI Form 371]; and
- the subscription agreement, the investor’s agreement with the broker to contribute funds in exchange for an ownership share in the LLC. [See RPI Form 373]
The operating agreement is signed by all investors at the same time they sign the subscription agreement agreeing to invest and acknowledging their membership in the LLC. [See RPI Form 373]
A broker uses the Subscription and Agreement to Invest form published by RPI when soliciting and subscribing a cash investor for funding an LLC, to confirm their approval of the investment circular, acceptance of the LLC operating agreement, acknowledgement of their membership and the broker’s receipt of their contribution. [See RPI Form 373]
The Subscription and Agreement to Invest documents the:
- subscription terms [See RPI Form 373 §1];
- general representations [See RPI Form 373 §2];
- suitability representations [See RPI Form 373 §3]; and
- investor’s signature. [See RPI Form 373]
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Want to learn more about soliciting investor clients during the recession? Click the image below to download the RPI book cited in this article.